Características sociodemográficas y personales de la víctima - feminicida en Lima Metropolitana

Introducción. El feminicidio es un problema de salud mundial. América Latina presenta altas tasas, el Perú implementó su legislación, normativas, sanciones penales y programas preventivos; pero las estadísticas y desaparición de las mujeres siguen en aumento. Objetivo. Determinar las características sociodemográficas y personales en los protagonistas del feminicidio. Métodos. Se realizó un diseño descriptivo, de recolección de datos secundarios. Se analizó documentación forense del Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses del Perú constituido por 46 protocolos de necropsia médico legal de víctimas de feminicidio en Lima Metropolitana durante los años 2019 al 2020 e informes periciales físicos y psiquiátricos de los feminicidas. Resultados. El perfil común de las víctimas fue tener 18 a 29 años, soltera, secundaria con un trabajo formal, la causa muerte fue por proyectil de arma de fuego y el lugar de muerte fue en su domicilio. El perfil de los feminicidas incluyó ser esposo/conviviente, con antecedentes policiales, familia disfuncional y tener hijos con la víctima. Conclusión. Se encontraron principales características de víctimas y sus homicidas como la edad, grado de instrucción, el domicilio de la víctima, antecedentes policiales, familias disfuncionales. En caso de los homicidas eran disociales y el argumento del homicidio fueron los celos.

Introduction. Femicide is a global health problem, Latin America presents high rates, Peru has implemented its legislation, regulations, criminal sanctions and preventive programs; but the statistics and disappearance of women continue to rise. Objectives. Determine the sociodemographic and personal characteristics of the protagonists of Femicide. Methods. Forensic documentation from the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Peru was analyzed, consisting of 46 medical legal autopsy protocols for victims of intimate femicide in Metropolitan Lima during the years 2019 to 2020, physical and psychiatric expert reports from the murderers. Descriptive design, census sampling of secondary data collection. Results. The common profile of the victims was to be 18 to 29 years old, single, high school with a formal job and the cause of death was by firearm projectile and the place of death was at his home. The profile of the murderers included being a husband/partner with a police record and a dysfunctional family and have children with the victim. Conclusion. The main characteristics of the victims and their homicides were found, such as age, level of education, the victim's address, police records, dysfunctional families. In the case of the homicides, they were dissocial and the argument for the homicide was jealousy.

Bibliometric analysis of the worldwide scientific production on COVID-19 infection and cerebrovascular disease.

Objective: To identify the worldwide bibliometric characteristics of research on SARS-CoV-2 infection and cerebrovascular disease. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and bibliometric study was performed. We analyzed 1834 publications about COVID-19 and cerebrovascular disease from the Scopus database considering the time since the beginning of the pandemic between 2019 and 2020. Bibliometric indicators were evaluated such as number of citations, citations per publication by authors, countries, journals, and collaborations at national, international, institutional, and impact levels according to Cite Score Quartile and h-index metrics. All analysis was performed using SciVal software. Results: The highest percentage of articles corresponded to universities in the United States, including Harvard and New York with 59 and 20 publications, respectively, and the University of Toronto in Canada with 22 publications. In relation to citation indicators, journals such as Stroke and Journal Stroke and Cerebrovascular diseases obtained 1971 and 561 citations, respectively. Regarding collaboration indicators, the national collaboration index was 39.4% and the institutional collaboration index was 31.1%. Finally, neurology, cardiovascular medicine, and cardiology and surgery were the subject areas with the highest research results, with 424, 217, and 128 studies, respectively. Conclusion: It was observed that the United States was the country with the highest scientific production on COVID-19 and cerebrovascular disease in the year 2020 in the different health areas; however, more research is still needed worldwide for a better analysis of the bibliometric indicators on the subject.

Consultorio de Atención Inmediata como estrategia de gestión de calidad en el Servicio de Emergencia de un hospital de Lima, Perú

Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la implementación del Consultorio de Atención Inmediata como estrategia de gestión de calidad en el Servicio de Emergencia de un hospital público de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, cuasi experimental de antes y después, con grupos diferentes, que se realizó en 338 usuarios externos atendidos en el Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital María Auxiliadora. Se evaluó el tiempo de espera antes y después de la implementación del Consultorio de Atención Inmediata, así como la satisfacción a través del cuestionario SERVQUAL modificado -validado y recomendado por el Ministerio de Salud (Minsa) y aplicado en el grupo de posimplementación-, además de su relación con el tiempo de espera obtenido. El análisis se realizó a través del software de IBM SPSS S25.0 mediante medidas de frecuencias y porcentajes, diferencia de medias en grupos distintos con el test de Levene y la medida no paramétrica del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman con un nivel de significancia p < 0,05. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron predominio del sexo femenino (60,95 %), en el rango de edad de 14 a 29 años (24,56 %), en la prioridad IV (67,16 %); el tiempo de espera para la atención tuvo una media de 17,70 previo a la implementación y una media de 4,27 posterior a esta, por lo tanto, hubo una diferencia significativa después de la estrategia de gestión (p < 0,00). La satisfacción del Consultorio de Atención Inmediata se obtuvo en el 56,21 % de los usuarios externos, con énfasis en la dimensión empatía (76,33 %) y capacidad de respuesta (69,23 %), mientras que la dimensión con menor satisfacción fue la fiabilidad (48,52 %), además de obtener una correlación significativa inversa entre el tiempo de espera y la satisfacción (p < 0,01 y rho: -0,39). Conclusiones: La implementación del Consultorio de Atención Inmediata en el Servicio de Emergencia fue eficaz; en consecuencia, el tiempo de espera disminuyó, lo cual, a su vez, generó satisfacción en el usuario externo.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the implementation of the Immediate Care Office as a quality management strategy at the Emergency Service of a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: An analytical, quasi-experimental, before-and-after study conducted with 338 outpatients from different groups treated at the Emergency Service of Hospital María Auxiliadora. Before and after the implementation of the Immediate Care Office, waiting time, satisfaction-assessed through the modified SERVQUAL questionnaire, which was validated and recommended by the Ministry of Health and administered to the postimplementation group-as well as the relationship between satisfaction and waiting time were evaluated. The analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics V25.0, frequencies and percentages, the mean difference of both groups obtained through the Levene's test, and the nonparametric measurement of the Spearman's correlation coefficient with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The results showed a predominance of the female sex (60.95 %), the 14-to-29-year age range (24.56 %) and the Emergency Severity Index level IV (67.16 %). The average waiting time accounted for 17.70 and 4.27 before and after the office implementation, respectively. Therefore, there was a significant difference after the management strategy (p < 0.00). Out of all outpatients, 56.21 % were satisfied with the implementation of the Immediate Care Office, mainly with the empathy (76.33 %) and responsiveness (69.23 %) dimensions, while reliability was the dimension with the lowest satisfaction score (48.52 %). Additionally, there was a significant inverse correlation between waiting time and satisfaction (p < 0.01 and rho: -0.39). Conclusions: The implementation of the Immediate Care Office at the Emergency Service was effective since it reduced the waiting time, which in turn brought satisfaction to the outpatients.

Validación de un instrumento para medir satisfacción de pacientes renales atendidos por telemedicina durante la pandemia por COVID-19

Evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento que mide la satisfacción de servicios nutricionales en pacientes renales. Material y Métodos: El estudio tuvo 7 fases dentro de las cuales se elaboró un instrumento que mide la satisfacción de pacientes de la Unidad de Salud renal, atendidos en talleres de nutrición por telemedicina, el cual se aplicó a 31 pacientes. Resultados: La validez de contenido global tuvo un índice de Lawshe igual a 0.95. La validez de constructo del cuestionario de satisfacción mediante análisis factorial exploratorio encontró 2 factores que corresponden al 87.5 % de variabilidad total. La confiabilidad del cuestionario tuvo un Alpha de Cronbach de 0.9. Conclusiones: El cuestionario que mide satisfacción de los pacientes renales atendidos por telemedicina tuvo alta validez de contenido, constructo y confiabilidad.

To evaluate the validity and reliability of an instrument that measures the satisfaction of nutritional services in renal patients. The study had 7 phases within which an instrument was developed that measures the satisfaction of the patients of the Renal Health Unit, attended in nutrition workshops by telemedicine, which was applied to 31 patients. The global content validity had a Lawshe index equal to 0.95. The construct validity of the satisfaction questionnaire through exploratory factor analysis found 2 factors that correspond to 87.5% of the total. The reliability of the questionnaire had a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.9. The questionnaire that measures the satisfaction of renal patients attended by telemedicine had high content, construct, and reliability validity.

Trends, collaboration, and visibility of global scientific production on birth complications in pregnant women with tuberculosis: A scientometric study.

Background: The increase in the number of pregnant women with tuberculosis is an important factor that should be analyzed at present. Thus, It is important to evaluate the bibliometric characteristics of the scientific production indexed in Scopus on complications of pregnancy and childbirth in pregnant women with tuberculosis. Methods: A cross-sectional bibliometric study was carried out analyzing the publications of journals indexed in Scopus between January 2016 and May 2022. A search strategy was developed using MESH terms and Boolean operators. The SciVal program (Elsevier) was used for bibliometric analysis of the information in the documents. Results: Of the 287 publications analyzed, 13 were in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology presented 11.9 citations per publication. Gupta Amita, from the United States, presented the most published papers; however, Myer London, from South Africa, had the highest impact, with 17.8 citations per publication. Johns Hopkins University was the institution with the highest number of publications (34). 51.9% of the publications were in journals in the Q1 quartile while 41.8% were international collaborations. Conclusions: In each year analyzed, scientific production was similar, with the highest proportion of publications in journals located in the Q1 and Q2 quartile. The institutions with the highest production were from the United States and South Africa. Therefore, there is a need to promote collaborative production in countries with greater presence of this disease.

Calidad de vida laboral y compromiso con el trabajo en el personal de enfermería

Introducción: La calidad de vida laboral es un proceso dinámico que favorece el desarrollo humano y el bienestar de los trabajadores, cuya percepción puede determinar el compromiso con su organización. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la calidad de vida laboral y el compromiso con el trabajo en el personal de enfermería de un hospital público. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en una muestra constituida por 43 enfermeros de un servicio de emergencia, los cuales respondieron el cuestionario de calidad de vida laboral en hospitales públicos y la escala Utrecht de compromiso en el trabajo. Se estimaron frecuencias y porcentaje, medias y desviación estándar. Se utilizó la prueba de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Los enfermeros presentaron un buen nivel de compromiso en el trabajo (4,70 ± 0,99), la dedicación fue la dimensión mejor valorada, seguida del vigor (4,74 ± 0,85) y absorción (4,59 ± 1,35). La calidad de vida laboral media fue alta (2,18 ± 0,34). El bienestar logrado a través del trabajo fue la dimensión mejor valorada. El compromiso en el trabajo y la calidad de vida laboral tuvieron una relación significativa (rho= 0,875; p≤ 0,001). Conclusiones: La calidad de vida laboral en el personal de enfermería tiene una relación directa y alta con el compromiso.

Introduction: The quality of working life is a dynamic process that favors human development and the well-being of workers, whose perception can determine the commitment to their organization. Objective: To determine the relationship between the quality of working life and the engagement in the nursing staff of a public hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of 43 nurses from an emergency department, who answered the questionnaire of quality of working life in public hospitals and the Utrecht scale of commitment at work. Frequencies and percentage, means and standard deviation were estimated. The Spearman correlation test was used. Results: Nurses presented a good level of commitment at work (4.70 ± 0.99), dedication was the best valued dimension, followed by vigor (4.74 ± 0.85) and absorption (4.59 ± 1.35). The mean quality of working life was high (2.18 ± 0.34). The well-being achieved through work was the dimension best valued. Work engagement and quality of working life had a significant relationship (rho= 0.875; p≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The quality of working life in the nursing staff had a direct and high relationship with engagement.

The Abrasive and Remineralising Efficacy of Coturnix Eggshell.

AIM: The objective of this research was to determine the abrasive and remineralising efficacy of quail eggshell (Coturnix coturnix) incorporated into a new experimental toothpaste. METHODS: An experimental study was designed to compare the surface microhardness of the dental enamel of bovine lateral incisors exposed to different toothpastes. In relation to microroughness (abrasive efficiency), the unit of analysis was each specimen with 16 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks. For the remineralisation variable, the unit of analysis was each bovine lateral incisor tooth. A sample size of 16 was determined for each group. RESULTS: The unpolished PMMA specimens presented the highest mean surface microroughness with a mean of 4.60 ± 1.47 µm, whilst the quail paste, universal polishing paste, control paste, and Diamond Excel Paste showed a mean of 1.16 ± 0.40 µm, 0.63 ± 024 µm, 0.45 ± 0.22 µm, and 0.43 ± 0.17 µm, respectively, presenting significant differences (P < .001). When comparing the surface microhardness of bovine lateral incisor dental enamel exposed to different toothpastes, the universal polishing paste presented the lowest microhardness, with 192.43 ± 56.21 kg/mm2, whilst the quail paste presented the greatest remineralising effect, with the highest average of 272 ± 21.18 kg/mm2, followed by the control paste with 244 ± 41.43 kg/mm2 and the Diamond Excel Paste with 228.72 ± 43.72 kg/mm2. These differences were statistically significant (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were found in the surface abrasive efficiency (microroughness) of PMMA subjected to different toothpastes. The quail toothpaste presented statistically significant results compared to the control pastes, the Diamond Excel Paste, and the universal polishing paste.

Scientometric analysis of the world scientific production on tuberculosis associated with COVID-19.

Background: Nowadays, tuberculosis and COVID-19 are the principal infections around the world. This study aimed to determine the global scientific production on COVID-19 associated to tuberculosis during the period 2019-2020. Methods: For the collection of metadata on COVID-19 associated to tuberculosis, the Scopus database was used, considering the period 2019-2020, with the last day of update being September 13, 2021. The main authors, countries, institutions, journal metrics, and documents were extracted. The Scival tool was used for the scientometric analysis of the data. Results: A total of 464 papers were retrieved where it was found that universities in South Africa, the United States, and England led the world's scientific production. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease was the journal with the highest production and The Lancet Global Health was the journal with the most citations per publication. On the other hand, most papers were published in Q1 journals, with infectious diseases within the area of medicine being the most addressed. Conclusion: South African universities lead the world in scientific output. Most of the research on this topic has been published in Q1 journals, with collaboration being largely national. Further analysis is needed in the aftermath of the pandemic.

A 10-Year Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Characteristics, Impact, and Trends.

Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis of scientific production related to gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease between 2011 and 2020. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, and bibliometric study was carried out. The Scopus database was used as a source to evaluate the worldwide scientific production on intestinal microbiota and its relationship with Parkinson's disease. Data were extracted from Scopus using a formula developed with thesaurus terms MeSH (Medline) and Emtree (Embase). Results: A total of 591 documents were found. The retrieved manuscripts received an average of 41.9 citations per document. Four of the 10 most productive authors were Italian. The University of Helsinki (Finland) was the institution with the highest scientific production (19 papers) and the highest impact (5921 citations). In terms of productivity and impact, Movement Disorders ranked first with 38 papers and 2782 citations, and those papers published in Q1 quartile journals exceeded the sum of the remaining quartiles. Papers with international collaboration were the most cited. Keyword analysis showed that the terms Parkinson Disease, Disease, and Intestine Flora were the most frequent. Conclusion: The number of papers on Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota has been increasing; however, high-quality journals maintain the same high publication rate. International collaboration from high-income countries played an important role in the impact generated by the publications.

Formulation and Development of an Experimental Polishing Paste with Antimicrobial Activity Based on Coturnix coturnix (Codorniz) Eggshell.

AIM: To formulate and develop a new experimental polishing paste based on Coturnix coturnix eggshell and to evaluate its abrasive, remineralizing, and antibacterial activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was experimental, longitudinal, comparative, and prospective. To measure the antibacterial efficacy, analysis units consisted of wells were made. The microorganisms S. aureus, E. coli, E. faecalis, C. albicans, and S. mutans were inoculated with experimental paste (Coturnix coturnix quail eggshell base) and control paste (Universal Polishing and Diamond Excel) consisting of n = 12 for each group. RESULTS: It was found that, among the strains inoculated, the quail paste presented with the highest antimicrobial effectiveness to C. albicans and S. mutans with an average of 8.70 ± 0.14 and 11.65 ± 0.15 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the Universal Polishing paste only had an average of 7.00 ± 0.11 and 8.71 ± 0.11 mm for C. albicans and S. mutans, respectively. Significant differences were observed only in these two strains p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The quail paste demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy against C. albicans and S. mutans compared to control paste, Diamond Excel, and Universal Polishing according to the time and type of microorganism.

Productivity Characteristics of the Thesis Rate of PhD Students in Biomedical Areas of the Different Doctoral Programs in Lima, Peru: A 20-year Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the productivity characteristics related to the thesis rate of biomedical students of the PhD program in Health Sciences in Lima, Peru through a 20-year retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, comparative, cross-sectional study. The evaluation period consisted of two time periods, 1999-2014 and 2015-2019, to differentiate thesis defense production both before and after the promulgation of the new University Law 30220 in Peru. The student population included graduates from different professional areas (Dentistry, Medicine, etc.). An electronic search for all the data was carried out by using the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) SUM (Unique Registration System) software. RESULTS: It was found that the highest prevalence of students who entered in the doctoral programs of the UNMSM Faculty of Medicine was 26.6% in 2013, whereas the highest prevalence of graduates was 24.4% in 2016. Finally, the highest prevalence of graduates who engaged in thesis defense was 41.4% in 2017. There has been a constant increase in thesis production, with the cutoff point being from 2014 onward. The Pearson's chi-square test showed a significant association between the type of PhD program and thesis defense (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The greatest production of thesis defense was carried out from 2014 to 2019. In addition, there was a significant association between thesis defense according to the PhD program and the professional career of the PhD student; however, none of the factors associated with the influence of obtaining a PhD degree in any of the programs evaluated was statistically significant.

Proteína C reactiva y su relación con la adiposidad abdominal y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares / C-reactive protein and its relation with abdominal adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors in schoolchildren

En adultos, la proteína C reactiva es un marcador de riesgo cardiovascular que se asocia con los factores de riesgo metabólicos tradicionales y predice eventos cardiovasculares. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre los valores de proteína C reactiva, detectada con técnicas ultrasensibles (PCR­us), y la adiposidad abdominal y otros factores de riesgo cardiovasculares tradicionales, en escolares. Materiales y Método. Estudio de tipo analítico, correlacional y transversal. El trabajo se realizó con escolares del primero al sexto grado de educación primaria, de la Institución Educativa Privada Héroes del Pacífico, del distrito de San Juan de Miraflores, en Lima, en el 2012. Se incluyeron a quienes fueron autorizados por sus padres o tutores. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Resultados. Fueron estudiados 100 escolares; 46 niñas y 54 niños, con edad promedio de 8,78 +/- 1,76 años. 74 % tenían peso normal; 24%, obesidad y 2%, sobrepeso. La media de PCR­us fue 1,47 mg/l. En ambos sexos, la proteína C reactiva se correlacionó en forma directa y significativa con el IMC (p < 0,01) y la CC (p < 0,05). En las niñas se encontró una asociación inversa significativa de la PRC­us con el cHDL (p < 0,05). En los niños, la proteína C reactiva no se correlacionó en forma significativa con el colesterol total y cLDL. Conclusiones. El mejor predictor de concentraciones elevadas de PCR­us fue el índice de masa corporal. En los niños, la PCR­us se asocia en forma directa y significativa con el grado de adiposidad, especialmente el índice de masa corporal, pero no con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular tradicionales...

In adults, C­reactive protein is a marker of cardiovascular risk associated with traditional and metabolic risk factors and predicts cardiovascular events. Objective. To determine the relationship between the C­reactive protein, detected with ultrasensitive techniques (hs­CRP), and abdominal adiposity and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors in school. Materials and Method. Analytical, correlational and transversal study. The work was done with schoolchildren from first to sixth grade education, from Private Educational Institution Heroes of the Pacific, of San Juan de Miraflores, Lima, in 2012. We included those who were authorized by their parents or advisors. Anthropometric measurements were made: weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference. Results. They were studied 100 children; 46 girls and 54 boys, with an average age of 8.78 +/- 1.76 years. 74% were normal weight; 24% were obese and 2% with overweight. The mean hs­CRP was 1.47 mg/l. In both sexes, there were significant direct correlations between C­reactive protein and body mass index (p < 0,01) and waist circumference (p < 0,05). In girls, a significant inverse association of hs­CRP with HDLc (p <0.05) was found. In boys, the CRP did not correlate significantly with the total and LDL cholesterol. Conclusions. The best predictor of an elevated ultrasensitive C reactive protein concentration was the body mass index. In the schoolchildren, there is a significant direct relationship between the ultrasensitive C­reactive protein concentration and measures of adiposity, particularly body mass index, but not with traditional cardiovascular risk factors...

Efecto de los polifenoles del vino tinto sobre el estado antioxidante y el estrés oxidativo en hipertensos / Effect of the polyphenols of red wine on the antioxidant status and oxidative stress on hypertensive patients

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de los polifenoles del vino tinto (variedad tannat) sobre el estado antioxidante y el estrés oxidativo en hipertensos. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado en 20 varones hipertensos, estadio I, entre 30 y 70 años, divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos; el primer grupo (n=10) ingirió vino por un mes y el grupo control (n=10) no ingirió vino. Se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas basales y a los 30 días. Se midieron enzimas antioxidantes: glutatión peroxidasa (GP), catalasa y superóxido dismutasa (SOD), estrés oxidativo por medición del malonildialdehído (MDA) sérico y el estado antioxidante total (TAS). Resultados. El vino tannat cotiene 134,08 mg/L de antocianincas, polifenoles totales: 1822,02 mg/L e inhibición de DPPH (CI 50%)=51 mg/ml. En los hipertensos, el consumo moderado de vino tinto aumentó el estado antioxidante (TAS) y la actividad de las enzimas SOD y GP. Conclusión. En hipertensos estado I, el vino tannat incrementó el estado antioxidante.

Objectives. To determine the effect of the polyphenols of red wine on the antioxidant status and oxidative stress on hypertensive patients. Material and methods. A prospective, randomized study was carried on in 20 volunteers hypertensive males, stage 1, between 30-70 year-old They were randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group (n=10) who consumed rd wine for one month, and the control group (n=10) who abstained from alcohol for one month. Blood samples were collected before and after wine consumption and were used for analysis of whole blodd glutathione (GP), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum total antioxidant status (TAS). Results. Tannat wine content was 134,08 mg/L of antocyanines, total polyphenols 1822,02 mg/L and antioxidant state DPPH inhibition 51 mg/ml (CI 50%). In the hypertensive group, moderate consumption of red wine patients increased the plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GP. Conclusion. In hypertensive persons, stage I, red wine consumption increased the antioxidant status.

Efecto del consumo moderado de vino tinto sobre algunos factores de riesgo cardiovascular / Effects of a moderate consumption of red wine on cardiovascular risk factors

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares serán una de las principales causas de muerte en el país al 2020. Objetivo: determinar el efecto del consumo moderado del vino tinto sobre algunos marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y Métodos: se midió en vino capacidad antioxidante, antocianinas, polifenoles cuantificándose por cromatografía. Se seleccionaron 14 varones y 14 mujeres en 4 grupos de 7; dos grupos bebieron vino durante un mes, realizándoles análisis bioquímicos en condiciones basales, a los 15 y 30 días. Resultados: el vino presentó 226.9 mg/L antocianinas, C.I.50% del radical libre DPPH= 42.27 mg/ml; polifenoles totales = 1281.57 mg/L; cafeico = 11.82 mg/L, quercetina =9.40 mg/L y kaempherol =1.08 mg/L. En varones redujo significativamente en 10,19% glucosa, VLDL en 10,79% y el riesgo coronario 15,97% en varones y 36,5% en mujeres; incrementó significativamente 19,98% HDL en varones y 55,15% en mujeres. Conclusiones: el vino tinto aumentó HDL y redujo el índice de riesgo cardiovascular sobretodo en mujeres.

Introduction: the cardiovascular illnesses will be among the main causes of death in Perú by the year 2020. Objective: to determine the effect of moderate consumption of red wine on some cardiovascular risk scores. Materials and methods: chromatography of anthocyanin and several polyphenols was used to measure wine antioxidant capacity. The selected volunteers, 14 men and 14 women, were distributed in 4 groups of 7; two groups drank wine for a month; biochemical tests were performed on all volunteers at days 0, 15 and 30. Results: the wine had 226.9 mg/L anthocyanins, C.I.50% of the free radical DPPH = 42.27 mg/mL; total polyphenols = 1281.57 mg/L; caffeic acid = 11.82 mg/L, quercetin = 9.40 mg/L and kaempherol =1.08 mg/L. In men wine reduced glucose levels significantly in 10.19%, VLDL in 10.79%; the coronary risk was reduced by15.97% in men and 36.5% in women; HDL levels were increased significantly, 19.98% in men and 55.15% in women. Conclusions: moderate consumption of red wine increased HDL levels and reduced the cardiovascular risk index, mainly in women.

Estado de nutrición en hierro en una población de 4 a 14 años, urbano marginal, de Lima / Iron nutrition status in 4 to 14 year-old children living in a marginal urban section in Lima

Objetivo: Determinar el estado de nutrición en hierro en una población de 4 a 14 años. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y prospectivo. Lugar: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participantes: Niños, entre 4 y 14 años. Intervenciones: Se estudió 349 niños, 170 de sexo masculino y 179 de sexo femenino, entre 4 y 14 años de edad, del Centro de Salud San Genaro de Villa, Chorrillos, entre setiembre 2001 y agosto 2002. Principales medidas de resultados: Estado de nutrición en hierro. Resultados: El 68,8 por ciento (240) no presentó alteración en el estado de nutrición en hierro (ENH), frente a 31,2 por ciento (109) que sí lo presentó. De los 109 niños con alteración en el ENH, 68,8 por ciento (75) clasificó en el estadio I de depleción latente (ferritina menor que 20 ng/mL), 22,9 por ciento (25), en el estadio II de ferropenia (hierro sérico menor que 60 ug/dL y capacidad total de fijación del hierro mayor que 400 ug/dL), y 8,3 por ciento (9), en el estadio III de anemia ferropénica (hemoglobina menor que 11,5 g/100 mL para menores de 11 años y menor que 12 g/100 mL para 12 a 14 años, hematocrito menor que 34 para menores de 11 años y menor que 36 por ciento para 12 a 14 años, volumen corpuscular medio menor que 80 fl, y hemoglobina corpuscular media menor que 27pg). Conclusiones: El alto porcentaje de niños con alteración en el estado de nutrición en hierro, estadio I, identifica a una población en riesgo de anemia ferropénica. Se recomienda que los estudios de deficiencia en hierro se restrinjan a niños en estadio I, con el fin de establecer políticas de participación ciudadana y establecer alianzas sectoriales y extrasectoriales (sector educación), para la promoción de la nutrición infantil.

Objective: To determine the iron nutrition status in 4 to 14 yearold children. Design: Descriptive, observational, transversal and prospective study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participants: Four to fourteen year-old children. Interventions: We studied 349 children 4 to 14 year-old, 170 males and 179 females, at San Genaro Health Center, Chorrillos, from September 2001 through August 2002. Main outcome measures: Iron nutritional status. Results: From these children, 68,8 per cent (240) did not present alteration in iron nutrition status (INS), compared with 31,2 per cent who presented this alteration. From the 109 children with iron nutrition status alteration, 68,8 per cent (75) were stage I or latent depletion (ferritine minor 20 ng/mL); 22,9 per cent (25) were stage II or iron deficient (serum iron minor 60 ug/dL and iron total capacity of fixation major 400 ug/dL), and 8,3 per cent (9) were in stage III with iron deficient anemia (hemoglobin minor 11,5 g/100 mL for children less than 11 year-old and minor 12 g/100mL for children 12 to 14 year-old, hematocrit minor 34 per cent for children less than 11 year-old and minor 36 per cent for children 12 to 14 year-old, median corpuscupar volume minor 80 fl and median corpuscular hemoglobin minor 27 pg). Conclusions: The high percentages of children with alteration of the iron nutrition status stage I identifies a population with iron deficiency anemia risk. We recommend that iron deficiency studies be applied only to children in stage I, in order to institute citizen participation public policies and establish alliances with other sectors (education), for childnutrition promotion.